New GST on Transportation Services in India: Rates, HSN Codes & Applicability
Transportation is the backbone of any economy—moving goods across states or commuting people within cities. With the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), various modes of transport now fall under unified tax rules. In this blog, we’ll explain the GST rates for transportation services in India, applicable HSN codes, input tax credit rules , and exemptions you should know.
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New GST Rate on Goods & Passenger Transportation in India
The Government of India is updating GST rates effective after 22 Sep 2025. Below are the expected new GST rates for transportation services (no compensation cess). Note: the 12% slab is withdrawn and generally rationalised to 5% or 18% as applicable.
New GST on Goods Transportation Services
| Mode of Transport | New GST Rate | Exemptions Available? |
|---|---|---|
| Goods Transport Agency (GTA) – Road | 5% (concessional, typically no ITC to GTA) / 18% (forward charge with ITC) | Yes (notified essential consignments; RCM may apply to specified recipients) |
| Railways (freight) | 5% | Yes (certain essential goods/relief) |
| Inland waterways (cargo) | 5% | Yes (certain essential goods) |
| Air cargo (domestic) | 18% | Limited exemptions (e.g., relief/defence) |
| Courier services (private) | 18% | No (basic postal services by Govt remain exempt) |
New GST on Passenger Transportation Services
| Type of Service | New GST Rate | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Air travel – Economy class | 5% | No ITC |
| Air travel – Business class | 18% | ITC available |
| AC Rail travel (1st class/AC coaches) | 5% | No ITC |
| Non-AC Rail / Metro | 0% (Exempt) | Passenger transport by non-AC rail/metro |
| Cab aggregators (e.g., app-based taxis) | 5% | No ITC (aggregator liable as applicable) |
| Renting of vehicles with driver | 5% (no ITC) / 18% (with ITC) | Option depends on provider’s scheme |
| Bus services (non-AC, Government) | 0% (Exempt) | Fully exempt public transport (non-AC) |
HSN And SAC Code for Transportation Services
| Service Type | SAC Code | New GST Rate |
|---|---|---|
| Road goods transport (GTA) | 996511 | 5% (RCM/concessional) / 18% (forward with ITC) |
| Rail freight | 996512 | 5% |
| Water transport of goods (coastal/transoceanic; inland) | 996521 / 996522 | 5% |
| Passenger road transport (local) | 996411 | 0% / 5% (service-type specific) |
| Passenger air transport (scheduled/non-scheduled) | 996425 / 996426 | 5% (economy) / 18% (business) |
Types of Transportation Services Under GST
Transportation services under GST are classified into two broad categories:
- Transportation of Goods
- Transportation of Passengers
Each category has its own tax rules, rates, and exemptions depending on the mode of transport (road, rail, air, sea).
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Old GST on Goods Transportation Services
(Old GST Rates – Applicable Until 21st September)
| Mode of Transport | GST Rate | Exemptions Available? |
|---|---|---|
| Goods Transport Agency (GTA) – Road | 5% or 12% | Yes (conditional on notified essential consignments) |
| Railways (freight) | 5% | Yes (on essential goods) |
| Inland waterways | 5% | Yes (on essential goods) |
| Air cargo (domestic) | 18% | Limited exemptions (e.g., relief/defence) |
| Courier Services | 18% | No |
Goods Transport Agency (GTA)
GTA services can choose either:
- 5% GST without Input Tax Credit (ITC)
- 12% GST with full ITC
Reverse Charge Mechanism (RCM) also applies in certain B2B cases, where the recipient (business) is liable to pay GST.
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Old GST on Passenger Transportation Services
| Type of Service | GST Rate | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Air travel – Economy class | 5% | No ITC |
| Air travel – Business class | 12% | ITC available |
| AC Rail travel (1st class/AC coaches) | 5% | No ITC |
| Non-AC Rail / Metro | 0% (Exempt) | Passenger transport by non-AC rail/metro |
| Cab Aggregators (e.g., Uber) | 5% | No ITC (aggregator liable as applicable) |
| Renting vehicles with driver | 5% / 12% | Optional ITC rules apply |
| Bus services (non-AC, govt.) | 0% (Exempt) | Fully exempt public transport (non-AC) |
HSN Codes for Transportation Services
Transportation services fall under HSN Code 9965 for goods and HSN Code 9964 for passengers .
| Service Type | HSN Code | GST Rate |
|---|---|---|
| Road goods transport (GTA) | 996511 | 5% / 12% |
| Rail freight | 996521 | 5% |
| Passenger road transport | 996411 | 0% / 5% |
| Air passenger transport | 996422 | 5% / 12% |
| Water transport (cargo) | 996521 | 5% |
Input Tax Credit (ITC) Rules
| Service Category | GST Rate | ITC Eligibility |
|---|---|---|
| Goods transport (12%) | 12% | Yes |
| Passenger air (12%) | 12% | Yes |
| Passenger air (5%) | 5% | No |
| GTA @5% | 5% | No |
| GTA @12% | 12% | Yes |
Businesses must choose the correct tax rate based on whether they want to avail ITC or not. Once selected, the rate and Input Tax Credit (ITC) option must be applied consistently.
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Exemptions Under GST for Transport
- Transport of agricultural produce by road
- Transport of milk, salt, food grains by GTA
- Transport by non-AC buses, public transport
- Rail transport of specific essential goods (like fertilizers, food items)
- Passenger transport by local trains and metros
These exemptions are aimed at reducing the cost burden on essential services and public utilities.
GST on E-commerce Transport & Delivery
E-commerce and logistics providers (like Delhivery, Bluedart, Shiprocket):
- Attract 18% GST for courier/logistics services
- Must issue tax invoices with HSN codes
- ITC available if services are used for business
Final Thoughts
Understanding GST (Goods and Services Tax) on transportation services is vital for both businesses and consumers. While many public and essential transport services are exempt, commercial services like air travel and goods logistics do attract GST. Whether you’re managing a supply chain or just booking a cab, knowing the tax structure helps in better planning and cost control.
