Latest Articles By Fazeel Zaidi

Wrist watches, smart watches and wall clocks are popular time keeping devices for personal and home use. For GST, each of these items has to be mapped to the correct HSN code so that invoices, import documents and returns carry proper product details. Classification depends on whether the product is a traditional watch, an electronic smart… Read more

Pumps are used in homes, farms, factories and commercial buildings for lifting water, moving liquids and handling many types of fluids. Because pumps are high value assets, even a small mistake in HSN or GST rate can lead to disputes or loss of input tax credit for the buyer. In GST, most pumps are treated as… Read more

Dustbins are used in homes, offices, factories and public places for waste collection. They are made from different materials such as plastic, stainless steel and metal. For proper GST billing, traders must choose the correct HSN code depending on the material and use of the dustbin. This guide explains how plastic dustbins, steel bins and other… Read more

Carpets are used as floor coverings in homes, hotels, offices and many other places. Under GST, carpets and floor coverings fall under specific HSN codes in chapter 57. The correct code depends on whether the carpet is handmade or machine made and what material is used.

Mustard oil is widely used in Indian kitchens as a cooking medium and in industry for non-food applications. Because the same oil can be sold in refined, cold pressed or blended forms, the correct HSN code and GST treatment are important for every trader and manufacturer. In the customs and GST tariff, mustard oil is generally… Read more

Food products under GST are classified into many different HSN codes depending on ingredients, processing level, packaging and intended use. There is no single HSN code for all food items. However, common processed and packaged foods like ready to eat mixes, snacks and prepared foods are often grouped under the 19 and 21 series chapters, such… Read more

Dresses are a popular category in the fashion and apparel industry, covering western party wear, casual day dresses, formal office dresses and many more styles. Under GST, dresses are classified based on the fabric, method of making and whether they are knitted, crocheted or woven. Using the correct dress HSN code is important for brands, boutiques,… Read more

Cashew is a high value dry fruit used both as a raw agricultural commodity and as a ready to eat snack. For GST, it is important to classify cashew correctly because the HSN code and GST rate can change once it is processed, roasted or packed as a snack. Under GST, cashew and cashew nuts are… Read more

Cable trays are used to support and route cables in offices, factories and commercial buildings. Under GST, cable trays are normally treated as electrical fitting or support structures and are taxed based on their material and use. Knowing the correct cable tray HSN code helps you apply the right GST rate and keep purchase and sales… Read more

Solid State Drives (SSDs) are now the standard storage option for laptops, desktops and servers. They are faster, more reliable and more compact than traditional hard disk drives (HDDs). For GST billing and compliance, it is important to use the correct HSN code for SSDs in invoices, purchase orders and returns. Under GST, SSDs are generally… Read more

Valves are key components in plumbing, industrial piping, oil and gas, water supply, and many process industries. Common types include ball valves, gate valves, and check valves. Under GST, all these valves must be classified under the correct HSN so that purchase and sales transactions are compliant. Manufacturers, distributors, and contractors should clearly understand valve HSN… Read more

HDPE pipes are widely used for water supply, plumbing, drainage, and irrigation. Under GST, they are treated as plastic pipes, so the correct HDPE pipe HSN code is needed.

Grocery covers a wide range of daily use products such as cereals, pulses, edible oil, spices, packaged foods and more. Under GST, all these items do not share a single HSN code or single GST rate. Each grocery item has its own classification based on its nature and processing.

Gaskets are used to seal joints between two surfaces, usually to prevent leakage of fluids or gases. They are important in engines, pipelines, pumps, compressors, and many industrial machines. Under GST, gaskets must be classified correctly under HSN codes so that tax treatment is uniform. Suppliers of mechanical spares, automotive parts, and industrial sealing solutions should… Read more

Drill machines are common power tools in homes, workshops, and industry. Under GST, drill machines are classified as hand held power tools and need the correct HSN code on invoices.

Cello tape is a very common item in homes, offices, and warehouses. It is used for packing, sealing cartons, stationery work, and many general purposes. Under GST, cello tape is treated as an adhesive tape product, usually made of plastic film with adhesive coating. Correct HSN classification is important for traders of stationery, packaging material, e… Read more

Businesses spend a lot on ads across print, TV, outdoor, and digital. Under GST, most of these are treated as services and must be reported using the correct HSN or Service Accounting Code. Using the correct advertising HSN code helps you charge GST properly and avoid notice or mismatch in returns. In GST language, advertising is… Read more

Turmeric powder is an important Indian spice and is also used in traditional remedies. In GST it is treated as a spice and classified with other single spices. Using the correct turmeric HSN code helps spice traders and food businesses show taxes properly.

Transformers are key electrical machines used for voltage conversion, power distribution and protection of equipment. Under GST, they are classified using specific HSN codes under the electrical machinery chapter. Correct transformer HSN code selection is important for manufacturers, traders and contractors who handle power projects.

Measuring tapes are essential tools in construction, interior design, tailoring, engineering and many other trades. Under GST, they are treated as measuring instruments and classified based on the material and design. Using the correct measuring tape HSN code keeps your invoices accurate and makes it easy to match purchase and sales data.

Locks are used for securing doors, gates, cabinets, vehicles and many other items. In the GST system they are generally treated as hardware products made of base metal or stainless steel. Most common locks such as padlocks, door locks and digital locks fall under a single heading that covers locks of base metal. The detailed HSN… Read more

Ladies suits are popular garments used as ethnic wear, office wear and formal clothing. Under GST, they are classified with HSN codes under the garments chapter. Correct ladies suit HSN code selection keeps your GST rate proper and supports smooth stock control for boutiques, wholesalers and brands.

Jeans are one of the most common garments sold by clothing stores, wholesalers and brands. They are usually made from denim fabric and come in many fits like regular, slim and skinny. Knowing the correct jeans HSN code helps in charging GST properly and keeping garment records clean.

Hair oil is used for hair nourishment, scalp massage and styling. Under GST it is treated as a hair preparation, similar to other cosmetic products for hair. Correct hair oil HSN code helps cosmetic traders and salons apply GST in the right manner.

Grease is a vital lubricant used in automotive, industrial and engineering applications. It reduces friction, protects metal surfaces and ensures smooth running of machines. Under GST, lubricating grease is classified using HSN codes in the mineral oils and lubricants chapter. Correct grease HSN code mapping helps in accurate GST rate and smooth input tax credit.

Chocolate products are popular in retail shops, bakeries and gifting businesses. To charge GST correctly on chocolate bars, dark chocolate and gift packs, you must use the correct chocolate HSN code. This guide explains how different chocolate products are classified and how GST works on them.

Blankets are used in homes, hotels and hospitals to provide warmth and comfort. Under GST they are classified in the heading that covers blankets and travelling rugs. Correct blanket HSN code helps manufacturers and traders charge the right GST rate.

Thinners are used widely in paint and industrial applications for dilution, cleaning and surface preparation. Understanding the correct thinner HSN code and GST rate helps traders, paint dealers and industrial users raise accurate invoices and avoid disputes in tax audits.

Voltage stabilizers are common in homes, shops and industries where they protect electrical appliances from voltage fluctuation. Knowing the correct stabilizer HSN code and GST rate helps traders, distributors and service providers raise accurate invoices and avoid dispute during audit.

Nails are small but important fastening items used in construction, carpentry, furniture making and hardware trade. They are usually made from iron or steel and supplied in many sizes and finishes. Using the correct nails HSN code helps hardware traders, builders and manufacturers charge the right GST rate and keep their purchase and sales records clear.

Mattresses are supplied by furniture dealers, foam manufacturers and branded sleep product companies to homes, hotels and hostels. Understanding the mattress HSN code and the GST rate on foam and spring mattresses helps you raise accurate invoices and avoid confusion during audits.

Capacitors are essential parts in electrical and electronic circuits. Traders, electricians and manufacturers deal in many types such as ceramic capacitors, electrolytic capacitors and film capacitors. To charge GST correctly, you must understand the capacitor HSN code, see how different types of capacitors are grouped in the tariff and know how the present GST slabs of… Read more

TMT bars are one of the most important materials in building projects. They give strength to concrete in homes, bridges, factories and many other structures. To use the TMT bar HSN code correctly and charge GST without errors, traders, stockists and builders need to know how TMT bars are classified under HSN and which GST rates… Read more

Sweets and mithai are an important part of daily life in India. They are sold by small sweet shops, large chains, bakeries and modern retail stores in many different forms. To use the sweets HSN code correctly and charge GST in the right way, shop owners, manufacturers and distributors need to understand how sweets are classified… Read more

Fire extinguishers are essential safety equipment for homes, offices, shops, factories and warehouses. Builders and business owners are required to keep fire extinguishers at many workplaces to meet safety norms. To use the fire extinguisher HSN code correctly and apply the right GST rate, suppliers, safety contractors and distributors need to understand how fire extinguishers and… Read more

Hard disks and solid state drives are common computer parts used in desktops, laptops and servers. Many users also buy external hard disks and portable solid state drives for backup and data transfer. To use the hard disk HSN code correctly and charge GST without mistakes, traders, distributors and online sellers need to understand how internal… Read more

Sugar is one of the most common food items in every home, shop and factory canteen. It is used in tea, sweets, bakery products and many packaged foods. To use the sugar HSN code correctly and charge GST without mistakes, traders, mill owners and food manufacturers need to know how sugar and related products are classified… Read more

MCB is a common safety device used in homes, shops, offices and factories. It protects electrical circuits from overload and short circuit faults. To use the MCB HSN code correctly and charge GST without mistakes, electrical traders and manufacturers need to know how MCBs and MCB boxes are classified under HSN and which GST rates apply… Read more

Nuts and bolts are basic fasteners used in almost every industry. They hold machines, structures, furniture and many other products together. To use the nut bolt HSN code correctly and charge GST without mistakes, traders, hardware dealers and manufacturers need to understand how fasteners are classified under HSN and which GST rates apply after the changes… Read more

Medicines are an essential part of health care. They include allopathic tablets and syrups, ayurvedic formulations, homeopathic medicines and many other preparations used to treat or prevent disease. To charge GST correctly and keep compliance smooth, businesses must understand how medicines are classified under HSN and how GST rates apply to different types of medicines after… Read more

Furniture is used in homes, offices, shops and factories for sitting, working, storage and display. It can be made from wood, metal, plastic or a mix of materials. For every carpenter, dealer and manufacturer, using the correct furniture HSN code is important so that GST is charged and reported correctly. In this guide you will learn… Read more

Cables are used in homes, offices, factories and data centres for electrical power and signal transmission. Traders, contractors and manufacturers need to use the correct cable HSN code so that GST on power cables, HDMI cables and cable ties is charged in the right way. In this guide you will learn how cables are classified under… Read more

Every company operating in India must file its income tax return each year, and ITR-6 is the specific form prescribed for most corporate taxpayers. It captures the company’s financials, taxes, deductions, and compliance details. Understanding its structure and filing process is crucial for timely and accurate submissions.

In today’s subscription-driven business world, knowing your recurring revenue metrics is essential for tracking growth and financial stability. Two of the most important indicators are Monthly Recurring Revenue (MRR) and Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR). These metrics help businesses understand predictable income, monitor customer churn, and make data-driven decisions for long-term success.

In the era of digital finance, predictive analytics has transformed how businesses make financial decisions. It empowers organizations to anticipate market trends, forecast revenue, and manage risks with greater accuracy. By analyzing historical financial data, predictive analytics tools generate actionable insights that guide smarter business strategies

Financial ratios are powerful tools used by analysts, investors, and business owners to assess a company’s financial health and operational performance. By studying ratios like liquidity, profitability, efficiency, leverage, and dividend yield, businesses can understand their strengths, weaknesses, and future growth potential. Let’s explore the key financial ratios every business and investor should know, along with… Read more

Understanding a company’s capital structure is crucial for evaluating its financial health and long-term stability. It represents the mix of debt, equity, and other financing instruments used to fund operations and growth. Let’s explore what capital structure means, how it functions, and why it plays such an essential role in business finance.

Every business, whether a startup or an established enterprise, needs to look beyond its current performance and plan for the future. This is where financial projections come in. They help predict revenue, expenses, and overall financial health, guiding leaders in decision-making and investors in evaluating business potential. Let’s understand what financial projections mean, how to make… Read more

Capital gains tax applies to profits made when you sell a capital asset such as property, stocks, or mutual funds at a higher price than you bought it for. These gains are classified as short-term or long-term depending on how long the asset is held. Knowing the difference helps taxpayers plan better and reduce tax liabilities… Read more

Every e-commerce seller in India uses shipping partners like Shiprocket or Delhivery to deliver orders. But with hundreds of invoices and thousands of shipments each month, even small billing errors can turn into major losses. This guide explains how to match invoices, catch overcharges, and keep your shipping costs in control.

Marketplace sellers in India face unique challenges reconciling their outward supplies, marketplace sales, and returns. Proper matching between GSTR‑1 and GSTR‑3B ensures accurate GST compliance and reduces the risk of notices. This checklist walks you through what to track, where mismatches often occur, and how to fix them.